A review of pumped hydro energy storage
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract The need for storage in electricity systems is increasing because large amounts of variable solar and wind generation capacity are being deployed. About two thirds net global annual power additions wind. Pumped hydro energy (PHES) comprises about 96% 99% volume. Batteries occupy most the balance market including utility, home electric vehicle batteries. rapidly falling price can compete with pumped short-term (minutes to hours). However, continues be much cheaper large-scale (several hours weeks). Most existing river-based conjunction hydroelectric generation. Water from a lower an upper reservoir during times low demand stored recovered at later time. In future, vast opportunities available closed loop off-river will utilized. such water cycled repeatedly between closely spaced small reservoirs located away river. This review covers technology, cost, environmental impacts PHES. key motivations this firstly that generators deployed; secondly there low-cost do not require interference rivers (with associated cost).
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Progress in energy
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2516-1083']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/abeb5b